Sierra Club Home Page   Environmental Update   My Backyard
chapter button
Explore, enjoy and protect the planet
Click here to visit the Member Center.         
Search
Take Action
Get Outdoors
Join or Give
Inside Sierra Club
Press Room
Politics & Issues
Sierra Magazine
Sierra Club Books
Apparel and Other Merchandise
Contact Us

Join the Sierra ClubWhy become a member? Explore, Enjoy and Protect

Communities at Risk

  • Introduction
  • Alabama, Anniston
  • Arkansas, Plainview
  • Colorado, Denver
  • Florida, Lake Park and Riviera Beach
  • Georgia, Atlanta
  • Georgia, Early County
  • Idaho and Washington, Lake Coeur d'Alene and Spokane River
  • Illinois, Waukegan
  • Maine, Corinna
  • Massachusetts, Fairhaven
  • Minnesota, Minneapolis
  • Missouri, Herculaneum
  • Missouri, Oak Grove Village
  • Montana, Rimini
  • Nebraska, Omaha
  • New Hampshire, Nashua
  • New Jersey, Edison
  • North Carolina, Asheville
  • Ohio, Middletown
  • Oklahoma, Ottawa County
  • Oregon, Portland
  • Pennsylvania, Lansdale
  • South Dakota, Black Hills
  • Texas, Port Arthur
  • Wisconsin, Lower Fox River and Green Bay
  • Endnotes

    		•

    Leaving our Communties at Risk

    Endnotes

    Introduction

    (1) U.S. EPA, "The Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act, 1970 to 1990" (October 15, 1997), www.epa.gov/oar/sect812/design.html.
    (2) U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. EPA, "U.S. Sues Electric Utilities in Unprecedented Action to Enforce the Clean Air Act." Press release (November 3, 1999).
    (3) Conrad Schneider, "Death and Disease from Power Plants Charged with Violating the Clean Air Act," Clean Air Task Force (July 2001), www.clnatf.org/publications/reports/ power_to_kill.
    (4) Katherine Probst, et.al., Superfund's Future: What Will It Cost? A Report to Congress, Resources for the Future: Washington, DC (2001).
    (5) Eric Schaeffer, "The Whithering Away of Environmental Enforcement: The Bush Administration's Shell Game," (June 13, 2002).

    Alabama, Anniston

    (1) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, Evaluation of Soil, Blood and Air Data from Anniston, Alabama, Calhoun County, Alabama (February 14, 2000).
    (2) Michael Grunwald, "Senators Assail EPA on Ala. PCB Cleanup," The Washington Post (April 20, 2002).
    (3) U.S. EPA, Fact Sheet Anniston PCB site Anniston, Calhoun County, Alabama (January 31, 2002).
    (4) Ibid.
    (5) U.S. EPA, Alabama NPL/NPL-Caliber Cleanup Site Summaries, www.epa.gov/region4/waste/ npl/nplal/annpcbal.htm (accessed August 20, 2002).
    (6) Michael Grunwald, "Monsanto Hid Decades of Pollution; PCBs Drenched Alabama Town, But No One was Ever Told," The Washington Post (January 1, 2002).
    (7) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (February 2001), www.atsdr.cdc. gov/tfacts17.html.
    (8) Michael Grunwald, "Monsanto Hid Decades of Pollution; PCBs Drenched Alabama Town, But No One was Ever Told," The Washington Post (January 1, 2002).
    (9) Michael Grunwald, "Senators Assail EPA on Ala. PCB Cleanup," The Washington Post (April 20, 2002).
    (10) Michael Grunwald, "Monsanto held liable for PCB dumping," The Washington Post (February 23, 2002).
    (11) Michael Grunwald, "Proposed Settlement in PCB Case Denounced," The Washington Post (March 24, 2002).
    (12) Jeffrey McMurray, "EPA: Companies to be closely monitored in Anniston cleanup," Associated Press (April 19, 2002).
    (13) Personal communication with Heather White, General Counsel, Environmental Working Group (August 20, 2002).
    (14) Personal communication with David Baker, President, Community Against Pollution, Anniston, Alabama (August 20, 2002).
    (15) Ibid.
    (16) Jay Reeves, "Critics Question Timing, Effect of EPA Deal Over PCBs," Associated Press (March 25, 2002).
    (17) Elizabeth Bluemink, "Congress Reviews EPA Deal," Anniston Star (March 26, 2002).
    (18) Michael Grunwald, "Senators Assail EPA on Ala. PCB Cleanup," The Washington Post (April 20, 2002).

    Akansas, Plainview

    (1) Plainview city Alderman, Harold Blalock, personal interview (August 15, 2002).
    (2) U.S. EPA, Site Narrative for Mountain Pine Pressure Treating, Plainview Arkansas, www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1556.htm.
    (3) See note 1.
    (4) Scorecard Superfund Site Description for Mountain Pine Pressure Treating, www.scorecard.org/env-releases/ land/site-desclong.tcl? epa_id= ARD049658628.
    (5) Ibid.
    (6) See note 1.
    (7) See note 2.
    (8) See note 1.
    (9) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Statement for Chromium, Copper, Arsenic and Pentachlorophenol, www.atsdr.cdc.gov.
    (10) Ibid.
    (11) See note 1.

    Colorado, Denver

    (1) CEASE comments on EPA's Feasibility Study and preferred alternative for the VBI70 Superfund Site.
    (2) Telephone interview, Lorraine L. Granado, founding member CEASE (September 4, 2002).
    (3) E-mail, Lorraine L. Granado (August 29, 2002).
    (4) See note 1.
    (5) Ibid.
    (6) ATSDR comments on EPA's proposed plan for the VB170 site (July 19, 2002).
    (7) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Lead, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts13.html, CAS# 7439-92-1 (June 1999).
    (8) See note 6.
    (9) Ibid.
    (10) See note 1.
    (11) Inspector General's Office, Funding Information on all Non-Federal NPL Sites (Jun. 24, 2002).
    (12) Telephone interview, Sandy Douglas, Resident of Cole (August 13, 2002).
    (13) Editorial, "Cuts Imperil Denver Kids," Denver Post, B6 (July 3, 2002).
    (14) Telephone interview, Bonnie Lavelle, U.S. EPA Region 8, Project Manager (September 10, 2002).
    (15) See note 12.

    Florida, Lake Park and Riviera Beach

    (1) "Cash Gone, Toxins Stay," Editorial, The Palm Beach Post, 12A (July 8, 2002).
    (2) See note 1.
    (3) Chuck McGinness, "Tri-Rail Village Could be Expensive," The Palm Beach Post, 1C (May 25, 2002).
    (4) Sanjay Bhatt, "Cancer Study Delay Irks Riviera," The Palm Beach Post, 1B (April 1, 2002).
    (5) E-mail communication, Barbara Curtis, Executive Committee Sierra Club Loxahatchee Group, Florida Chapter (August 18, 2002, 14:37 EDT).
    (6) E-mailcommunication, Barbara Curtis, Executive Committee Sierra Club Loxahatchee Group, Florida Chapter (August 19, 2002, 18:49 EDT).
    (7) NPL Site Narratives for Trans Circuit, www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1576.htm.
    (8) Florida NPL/NPL Caliber Site Cleanup Summaries, www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/nplfls/soldevfl.htm.
    (9) ATSDR-PHA Solitron Devices, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/solitrondevices/sdi_p1.html#sum.
    (10) See note 1.
    (11) Marc Caputo, "Superfund Row Proves Neglect, Mayor Says," The Palm Beach Post, 1A (July 8, 2002).
    (12) See note 5.
    (13) ATSDR-Trichloroethylene, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts19.html.
    (14) See note 4.
    (15) Telephone interview, Diane Sophinos, Lake Park Community Development Department (August 14, 2002).
    (16) See note 9.
    (17) Florida NPL/NPL Caliber Cleanup Site Summaries, www.epa.gov/region4/waste/npl/ nplfls/tracrtfl.htm.

    Georgia, Atlanta

    (1) Michael Wall, We're No. 1! We're No. 1! (At Killing the Planet), CREATIVE LOAFING (August 17, 2001), www.efg.org/pr5.nsf/newsdocs/ D9D41FF57ACBED5785256AAB00679951? OpenDocument.
    (2) See, e.g. Richard Wilson and John Spengler, Eds., Particles in Our Air: Concentrations and Health Effects (1999).
    (3) American Lung Association, State of the Air Report: 2002 (2002), www.lungusa.org/air2001/rank1.html.
    (4) Telephone conversation, Dr. LeRoy Graham (August 15, 2002).
    (5) G.T. Bielawski, J.B. Rogan, D.K. McDonald, (The Babcock & Wilcox Company), How Low Can We Go? Controlling Emissions in New Coal-Fired Power Plants, presented to The U.S. EPA/DOE/EPRI Combined Power Plant Air Pollutant Control Symposium: "The Mega Symposium" (August 20-23, 2001), Chicago, Illinois, 3, www.babcock.com/pgg/tt/pdf/BR-1715.pdf.
    (6) See Conrad Schneider, Power to Kill: Death and Disease from Power Plants Charged with Violating the Clean Air Act (July 2001), www.cleartheair.org.
    (7) Ibid.
    (8) Ibid.
    (9) Ibid.
    (10) U.S. EPA, EPA Announces Steps to Increase Energy Efficiency, Encourage Emissions Reductions (June 13, 2002), www.epa.gov/ epahome/headline_061302.htm.
    (11) Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C CHAPTER 85 > SUBCHAPTER I > Part A > Sec. 7411.
    (12) No. 1:99-CV-2859-JEC (N.D. Ga. amended complaint filed May 14, 2001).
    (13) Ibid.
    (14) Ibid.
    (15) U.S. EPA, New Source Review Recommendations (June 2002), www.epa.gov/air/nsr-review/ recommendations.html.

    Georgia, Early County

    (1) Jim Cook, "Residents Voice Opinions on Emissions," The Dothan Eagle, 1B (July 12, 2002).
    (2) Georgia EPD report (February 2002).
    (3) Ibid.
    (4) Cassandra Corcoran, "Blakely Power Plant Delayed," The Albany Herald, 1A (March 15, 2002).
    (5) U.S. EPA, Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Website, www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/methanol.html#ref1.
    (6) U.S. EPA, EPA Announces Steps to Increase Energy Efficiency, Encourage Emissions Reductions (June 13, 2002), www.epa.gov/ epahome/ headline_061302.htm.
    (7) Jim Cook, "Residents Voice Opinions on Emissions," The Dothan Eagle, 1B (July 12, 2002).
    (8) Ibid at 7-B.
    (9) Permit application summary, www.air.dnr. state.ga.us/sspp/ permits/ 0990001/ psd13439/ 0990001de.pdf.
    (10) State of Georgia, Department of Natural Resources, Environmental Protection Division, Air Protection Branch, Prevention of Significant Air Quality Deterioration Review of the Georgia-Pacific Corporation, Cedar Springs Operation, located in Cedar Springs, Georgia (Early County), Final Determination SIP Permit Application No. 13459, Title V Application No. 13459 (July 2002), www.air.dnr.state.ga.us/sspp/permits/ 0990001/ psd13439/ 0990001fd.pdf.
    (11) See note 4.
    (12) "Supporters Come Out for G-P," Early Country News, 1 (July 17, 2002).

    Idaho and Washington, Lake Coeur d'Alene and Spokane River

    (1) "Poisoned Promises: The Silver Valley's Toxic Legacy," The Oregonian (April 5-7, 1992).
    (2) U.S. EPA, Coeur d'Alene Basin Proposed Plan (October 29, 2001), http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/cleanup.nsf/ 9f3c21896330b4898825687b007a0f33/ 8cafe2b48175371c8825685000608d5e? OpenDocument#pp.
    (3) U.S. EPA, Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, 1-5, www.epa.gov/r10earth/offices/sf/ BHminewasteREPORT2.pdf.
    (4) Todd Foster, "Lead Cleanup May Need an Overhaul: Study Shows Metals Will Continue to Go into Lake," Spokesman-Review (April 12, 1994).
    (5) See note 3 at vi.
    (6) Susan Drumheller, "Floods Bring Million Pounds of Lead to Lake," Spokesman-Review (June 13,1996).
    (7) See note 3 at v, ix, 2-17, 3-4, and Human Health alternatives 1-11. See also United States Forest Service, A procedure for evaluating risk of increasing peak flows from rain on snow events by creating openings in the forest canopy (March 1991) and "Logging's Legacy," Spokesman-Review (November 21, 1993).
    (8) Zaz Hollander, "Study Pinpoints Source of Lead in River: Lake CdA Plume Regularly Dumps Pollutants into the Spokane, Data Show," Spokesman-Review (Oct. 15, 2000).
    (9) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for Lead, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts13.html.
    (10) See note 1.
    (11) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children: A Statement by the Centers for Disease Control (October 1991), Atlanta, GA.
    (12) Julie Titone, "Lead a Swan Song for Many Birds: Heavy Metal Contamination Affects Many Types of CdA Basin Waterfowl," Spokesman-Review (March 29, 1996).
    (13) Joel S. Hirschhorn, Ph.D, Technical Issues Report: Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical Complex Superfund Site, Shoshone County, Idaho (1998).
    (14) See note 3 at 2-10.
    (15) See note 3. (16) Karen Dorn Stee
    le, "EPA Chief Toasts Cleanup Accord Whitman Hears Both Sides on Tour of North Idaho," The Spokesman-Review, B1 (August 14, 2002).

    Illinois, Waukegan

    (1) U.S. EPA, NPL Factsheet for Illinois: Outboard Marine Corp., EPA ID# ILD000802827 (updated June 28th, 2002), www.epa.gov/R5Super/npl/illinois/ILD00802827.
    (2) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Assessment, Outboard Marine Corporation, Waukegan, Lake County, Illinois, CERCLIS no. ILD000802827 (September 30, 1994), www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/ outboard/out_p1.html.
    (3) See note 1.
    (4) International Joint Commission, PCB Contaminated Sediment Remediation in Waukegan Harbor, www.ijc/org/boards/wglo/cases/ waukegan/waukegan.html.
    (5) See note 1.
    (6) U.S. EPA, Proposed Plan for Clean Up at the Outboard Marine Company/Waukegan Coke Plant Superfund Site (February 1999).
    (7) See note 1.
    (8) See note 6.
    (9) Ibid.
    (10) Ibid.
    (11) Bob Tita, "Suburban Superfund Slowdown: Feds Financing Delay Threatens Site Cleanups," Crain's Chicago Business (April 15, 2002).
    (12) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (February 2001), www.atsdr.cdc. gov/tfacts17.html.
    (13) Ibid.
    (14) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Assessment, Outboard Marine Corporation, Waukegan, Lake County, Illinois, CERCLIS no. ILD000802827 (September 30, 1994) www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/outboard/out_p1.html.
    (15) See note 4.
    (16) Great Lakes Dredging Team, Case Study Series, Waukegan Harbor (1999, revised September 2001), www.glc.org/dredging/case/waukegan.html.
    (17) Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, "Waukegan Harbor Restoration Moving Ahead with Dredging" (Spring 2002) www.epa.state.il,us/environmental-programs/v27/nl/index.hml.
    (18) Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, "Waukegan Harbor Area of Concern" (revised December 18, 2001), www.epa.gov/glnpo/ aoc/waukegan.html.
    (19) Waukegan Harbor Citizens Advisory Group (CAG), http://nsn.nslsilus.org/wkkhome/iepa/ (updated July 22, 2002).
    (20) Census figures for Waukegan, Chicago Sun Times, www.suntimes.com/census/waukegan.html.
    (21) See note 11.

    Maine, Corinna

    (1) Telephone interview, Ken Dow, Resident, Corinna, Maine (July 9, 2002).
    (2) Ibid.
    (3) Ibid.
    (4) U.S. EPA, EPA New England Fact Sheet-Eastland Woolen Mill, http://yosemite.epa.gov/ r1/npl_pad.nsf/ f52fa5c31fa8f5c885256adc 0050b631/ 5D7A1B235A29222F8525690D0044968A? OpenDocument.
    (5) Ibid.
    (6) See note 1.
    (7) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), ToxFacts for Chlorobenzene (July 1999), www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts131.html.
    (8) Ibid.
    (9) Ibid.
    (10) See note 4.
    (11) Ibid.
    (12) Telephone interview, Ed Hathaway, EPA Remedial Project Manager (July 18, 2002).

    Massachusetts, Fairhaven

    (1) NPL Site Narrative for Atlas Tack Corp, www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1097.htm.
    (2) Atlas Tack Corporation Superfund Fact Sheet, www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/locate/atlas.htm (updated September 5, 2002).
    (3) "Superfund Promise Should Not Be Broken," The Standard Times, (July 2, 2002), A12, www.s-t.com/daily/07-02/07-0202/a12op064.htm.
    (4) New England Sites-Atlas Tack Corp, www.epa.gov/ne/superfund/sites/atlas.
    (5) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, http://atsdr1.atsdr.cd
    c.gov/.
    (6) Atlas Tack Corporation, http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/cpr/ wastesites/ PDFs/Atlas.pdf.
    (7) Town of Fairhaven Information, www.s-t.com/towns/ttfair.htm.
    (8) Costa-Crowell, Carol Lee, "Fairhaven Residents Select Option for Atlas Cleanup," The Standard Times (May 21, 1996), www.s-t.com/ daily/05-96/05-21-96/5atlas.htm.
    (9) "EPA Takes Over Asbestos Removal to Protect Public," Environmental News Service (November 9, 1999), http://ens. lycos.com/ens/nov99/1999L-11-09-09.html.
    (10) Atlas Tack: November 2001, EPA New England, www.epa.gov/ne/superfund/ sites/atlas/27666.pdf.
    (11) See note 3.
    (12) Damien Cave, Grime Pays, Salon.com, (July 29, 2002). This article was used as a general reference throughout the Fairhaven, Massachusetts story.
    (13) "Fairhaven Criticizes EPA Cleanup," The Standard Times (June 30, 1997), www.southcoasttoday.com/daily/06-97/ 06-30-97/a01lo033.htm.

    Minnesota, Minneapolis

    (1) Presentation by Cecilia Erickson, School Nurses Association for Children's Environmental Health Working Group (November 28, 2001). Presentation by Marian Marbury, Sc. D., Minnesota Department of Health at MPCA Seminar "Asthma: a Growing Public Health Problem" (September 13, 2001).
    (2) Ibid.
    (3) Rob McConnell, Kiros Berhane, Frank D. Gilliland, Stephanie J. London, Talat Islam, W. James Gauderman, Edward Avol, Helene G. Margolis and John M. Peters. "Asthma in Exercising Children Exposed to Ozone," The Lancet, Vol. 359, No. 9304 (Feb. 2, 2002). (4) Susan E. Peterson, "Xcel to Convert Three Plants; Two to Burn Natural Gas," The Star Tribune, 1D (May 2, 2002).
    (5) E-mail correspondence, Fran Guminga (August 12, 2002).
    (6) Xcel to Spend $1B to Clean Up Minn. Plants, The Electricity Daily (May 8, 2002), Vol 18, No 89.
    (7) Ibid.
    (8) Ibid.
    (9) Mauraji Malaji and Judith Yates Borger, "Residents Applaud Conversions," St. Paul Pioneer Press, 13A (May 3, 2002).
    (10) See note 6.
    (11) J.T. Bielawski, J.B. Rogan, D.K. McDonald, (The Babcock & Wilcox Company), How Low Can We Go? Controlling Emissions in New Coal-Fired Power Plants, presented to The U.S. EPA/DOE/EPRI Combined Power Plant Air Pollutant Control Symposium: "The Mega Symposium," (August 20-23, 2001), Chicago, Illinois, 3, www.babcock.com/pgg/tt/pdf/BR-1715.pdf.
    (12) See note 6.
    (13) U.S. EPA, EPA Announces Steps to Increase Energy Efficiency, Encourage Emissions Reductions (June 13, 2002), www.epa.gov/epahome/headline_061302.htm.

    Missouri, Herculaneum

    (1) Missouri Department of Natural Resources, "Herculaneum Lead Contamination: Overview of Actions," www.dnr.state.mo. us/env/herc.htm.
    (2) Personal communication, Leslie Warden (August 7, 2002).
    (3) Ibid.
    (4) Doe Run Company Web site, www.doerun.com.
    (5) U.S. EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (2000), www.epa.gov.
    (6) See note 1.
    (7) Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services, "State and Federal Health Agencies Release Herculaneum Blood Lead Level Screening Results" (February 26, 2002), www.health.state.mo.us/ NewsReleases/hercul.htm. Map of the town available at www.health.state.mo.us/ PreventionAndWellness/ herc2001map.pdf.
    (8) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAXs for Lead (June 1999), www.astdr.cdc.gov/tfacts13.html.
    (9) See note 5.
    (10) Peter Shinkle and Bill Lambrecht, St. Louis Post-Dispatch (April 14, 2002).
    (11) Letter to U.S. EPA Administrator Christine Todd Whitman from U.S. Senator Jean Charnahan, March 5, 2002. News Release, Missouri Governor Bob Holden, "Holden Asks EPA for Quick Action in Herculaneum," (January 14, 2002). Press Release, Representative Richard Gephardt, "Gephardt calls for Federal Resources to clean up Herculaneum lead contamination," (January 8, 2002).
    (12 See note 2.

    Missouri, Oak Grove Village

    (1) Jenny MacDonald, "Oak Grove Village Met With DNR and EPA Officials Water Status Discussed," Sullivan Independent News (June 19, 2002), http://sullivannews.com/articles/ publish/printer_334.shtml.
    (2) James B. Bartle, "Oak Grove Village To Meet With DNR This Week," Sullivan Independent News (June 12, 2002), http://sullivannews.com/articles/publish/printer_320.shtml
    (3) U.S. EPA, NPL Site Narrative for Oak Grove Village Well (February 11, 1991) www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/ npl/nar1652.htm.
    (4) Ibid.
    (5) See note 1.
    (6) James B. Bartle, "Oak Grove Moving Forward On Well, Superfund Site Proposed," Sullivan Independent News (July 31, 2002), http://sullivannews.com/articles/ publish/article_424.shtml.
    (7) See note 4.
    (8) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for Tricholorethylene, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts19.html, CAS# 79- 01-6 (September 1997).
    (9) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for Tetrachloroethylene, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts18.html, CAS# 127-18-4 (September 1997).
    (10) See note 3.
    (11) Telephone interview, Becky Himes, Public Affairs Specialist, EPA Region 7 and Tonya Howell, Remedial Project Manager, Superfund-MO/KS Branch (July 30, 2002).

    Montana, Rimini

    (1) Public Health Assessment: Upper Tenmile Creek Mining Area, Rimini/Helena, Lewis and Clark County, Montana, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/upperten/utc_p1.html.
    (2) Upper Tenmile Creek Mining Area Factsheet, U.S. EPA, http://epa.gov/ region8/superfund/sites/mt/10mile.html.
    (3) "EPA to Provide Bottled Water for Rimini Well Owners," US EPA News, (December 21, 2000), www.epa.gov/region08/superfund/ sites/10mi_h2o.html.
    (4) See note 1.
    (5) Ibid.
    (6) Ibid.
    (7) ToxFAQs for Arsenic, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts2.html.
    (8) ToxFAQs for Manganese, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts151.html.
    (9) ToxFAQs for Cadmium, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts5.html and ToxFAQs(tm) for Zinc, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, www.atsdr.cdc. gov/tfacts60.html.
    (10) Ten Mile Creek, Helena, Montana, www.ci.helena.mt.us/works/water/ treatment/tenmile.htm.
    (11) "Montana Superfund Sites to Get Money After All," The Missoulian, (July 24, 2002).
    (12) See note 1.
    (13) Bob Anez, "State EPA Director Downplays Report of Funding Cutoff," Associated Press, (July 1, 2002).
    (14) U.S. EPA, Funding Information on all Non- Federal NPL Sites, Inspector General's Office, June 24, 2002, www.epa.gov/ superfund/sites/locate/basinmine.htm.
    (15) See note 13.

    Nebraska, Omaha

    (1) Much of this story is based on a personal communication with Barbara Brunton (August 21, 2002).
    (2) U.S. EPA, NPL Site Narrative for Omaha Lead (August 1, 2002), www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nar1660.htm.
    (3) Nancy Gaarder, "Omahan Fights Lead for Her Children's Sake," Omaha World News (January 1, 2002).
    (4) Ibid.
    (5) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, "Lead," www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts13.html, CAS# 7439-92-1 (June 1999).
    (6) Ibid.
    (7) See note 2.
    (8) Ibid.
    (9) Ibid.
    (10) Nancy Gaarder and Matt Kelly, "Council Majority, Terry Back Superfund Listing," Omaha World Herald, 1A (December 15, 2001).
    (11) Telephone interview, Steve Sanders, Attorney on Omaha Superfund project, EPA Region 7 (August 23, 2002).
    (12) Telephone interview, Don Bahnke, Environmental Engineer, EPA Region 7 Superfund Division (August 21, 2002).
    (13) See note 10.
    (14) See note 1.

    New Hampshire, Nashua

    (1) U.S. EPA, Waste Site Cleanup & Reuse in New England, Mohawk Tannery, Nashua, New Hampshire, www.epa.gov/region01/superfund/sites/mohawk.
    (2) International Finance Corporation, Tannery Case Study, www.ifc.org/enviro/ FinancialMarkets/Studies/ Tannery/tannery.htm.
    (3) Fourth ward Alderman, Mark Plamondon, personal interview (August 1, 2002).
    (4) Ibid.
    (5) Ibid.
    (6) See note 1.
    (7) Church & Dwight Performance Products, Information on Common Product Uses in Industrial Manufacturing Markets, www/ahperformance.com/indust/.
    (8) Ibid.
    (9) See note 2.
    (10) See note 3.
    (11) U.S. EPA, NPL Site Narrative at Listing for Mohawk Tannery, Nashua, New Hampshire, www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/ nar1589.htm.
    (12) See note 3.
    (13) Ibid.
    (14) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Heath Statement for Chromium, Phenol, Pentachlorophenol and Zinc, www.atsdr.cdc.gov.
    (15) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Statement for Chromium, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts7.html CAS# 16065-83-1 (Feb. 2001).
    (16) Benjamin Gilbert, "Superfund Program Wallows," New Hampshire Public Radio (April 30, 2002), www.nhpr.org/content/ full monty_view.php/3038/

    New Jersey, Edison

    (1) "Oversight Hearing on the Superfund Program: Hearing before the Subcomm. On Superfund, Toxics, Risk, and Waste of the Senate Comm. On Environment and Public Works," 107th Cong. (April 10, 2002) (Statement of Robert Spiegel, Executive Director of the Edison Wetlands Association) www.senate.gov/~epw/Spiegel_041002.htm.
    (2) Ibid.
    (3) Bill Lewis, "Some Facts about Agent Orange/Dioxin," New Jersey Agent Orange Commission (January 2000), http://njaoc.org/facts.htm.
    (4) "EPA Completes $2 Million Cleanup of Off-Site Chemical Contamination at CIC Superfund Site in Edison, NJ," Business Wire (February 13, 1997).
    (5) Elizabeth Shogren, "Stalled Superfund Cleanups Anger Activists, Spur Fear About Future Environment: EPA says commit ment to funding hasn't wavered, but the money is running out," Los Angeles Times (August 4, 2002).
    (6) See note 4.
    (7) Chemical Insecticide Corporation Site Description-New Jersey, EPA Region, Congressional Dist. 8, Middlesex County, Edison Township, EPA ID #NJD980484653, (July 2002), www.epa.gov/ region02/superfund/ npl/0200517c.pdf.
    (8) See note 5.
    (9) See note 7.
    (10) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for Arsenic, CAS# 7440- 38-2 (July 2001), www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ tfacts2.html.
    (11) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for DDT, DDE, and DDD, CAS#DDT50-29-3, CAS# DDE 72-55- 9, CAS #72-54-8 (September 1995), www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts35.html.
    (12) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for Chlordane, CAS# 57- 74-9, June 11, 2001, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ tfacts31.html.
    (13) See note 1.
    (14) Joe Tyrrell, "Cleanup at Edison Toxic Site in Danger," Star-Ledger (April 30, 2002).
    (15) U.S. EPA, Funding Information on all Non-Federal NPL Sites, Inspector General's Office (June 24, 2002).
    (16) U.S. EPA, Enviromapper, www.epa.gov/enviro/enviromapper.html.
    (17) "NJ Court Requires Disclosure by Residential Developers," Real Estate/Environmental Liability News (March 3, 2000).
    (18) Nancy Solomon, "New Jersey Residents Upset over Cuts to Superfund Budget," National Public Radio (July 3, 2002).
    (19) See note 1.

    North Carolina, Ashville

    (1) WNC Healthcare, CITIZEN TIMES.COM. www.citizentimes.com/ urhere/health.shtml.
    (2) National Park Service, 2002 Air Quality Issues at Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee/North Carolina (2002). (3) See, e.g. Dockery and Pope (1994), McDonnel (1999), Pope (2000).
    (4) Letter from Dr. Clay Ballantine, MD, Mission St. Joseph's Hospital to The Honorable Michael Easley, Governor of North Carolina (November 28, 2001).
    (5) Telephone conversation, Dr. Clay Ballantine (August 20, 2002).
    (6) Eric Pianan, "N.C. Imposes Strict Anti- Pollution Standard," A2, The Washington Post (June 21, 2002).
    (7) Ibid.
    (8) Kerra Bolton Fisher, "Smokestacks Act Passes House," The Asheville Citizen-Times (June 12, 2002), http://cgi.citizen-times.com/cgi-bin/ story/14644.
    (9) Julie Ball, "Local Supporters of Clean Smokestacks Act Celebrate Passage," The Asheville Citizen-Times (June 29, 2002), http://cgi.citizen-times.com/cgi-bin/ story/15634.
    (10) The Southern Appalachian Mountains Initiative Final Report Summary (August, 2002).
    (11) Known as "Section 126," this refers to the part of the Clean Air Act that allows for one state to seek pollution reductions in other states.
    (12) U.S. EPA, Summary of Clear Skies Act of 2002, www.epa.gov/clearskies/summary.pdf.
    (13) U.S. EPA, "EPA Announces Steps to Increase Energy Efficiency, Encourage Emissions Reductions" (June 13, 2002), www.epa.gov/epahome/headline_061302.htm.

    Ohio, Middletown

    (1) Letter from Cliff Shearer to the Ohio EPA, (November 14, 2001).
    (2) John Leach, "Dust Pollutes Oneida Region," Middletown Journal (September 2, 1976).
    (3) United States of America, plaintiff v. AK Steel Corporation, defendant, filed June 29, 2000 in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, Western Division.
    (4) www.aksteel.com.
    (5) Personal conversation, Ray Agee (July 14, 2002).
    (6) Ibid.
    (7) Ohio EPA, Notice of Violations, 1996-2002.
    (8) Ian Fried, "Family Fuming Over leak, AK Steel buys home; renters want answers," Middletown Journal (January 1996).
    (9) Thomas Gnau, "State not about to walk away from fines against AK," Middletown Journal (November 30, 2001).
    (10) Eric Schaeffer, "The Whithering Away of Environmental Enforcement: The Bush Administration's Shell Game" (June 13, 2002).

    Oklahoma, Ottawa County

    (1) U.S. EPA, http://epa.gov/superfund/sites/locate/tarcreek.htm (August 1, 2002).
    (2) Ibid.
    (3) U.S. EPA, Tar Creek (Ottawa County), fact sheet, (August 19, 2002), www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6sf/pdffiles/tarcreek.pdf.
    (4) Telephone interview, Tim Kent, Superfund Coordinator, Quapaw Tribe (August 20, 2002).
    (5) See note 1.
    (6) Tom Lindley, Tar Creek: Another Broken Promise, (December 10, 1999), http://webarchives.net/december_1999/ tar_creek_another_broken_promise.htm.
    (7) Radio Program, Voices of Oklahoma, Kelly Burley, Oklahoma Public Radio KOSU 97.1, (February 19, 2002), www.kosu.org/voicesok/voicesok.html.
    (8) Richard E. Meyer, The Tar Creek Time Bomb, printed originally: L.A. Times, www.science.uwaterloo.ca/earth/ waton/s902.html.
    (9) Ibid.
    (10) Ibid.
    (11) Ibid.
    (12) Ibid.
    (13) Telephone interview, Rebecca Jim, long time high school employee in Miami, OK and activist (August 20, 2002). (14) Telephone interview, Vaughn Wascovich, photographer of Tar Creek and assistant professor of photography, University of Missouri, Columbia (August 22, 2002).
    (15) See note 7.
    (16) See note 13.
    (17) See note 4.
    (18) U.S. EPA, Funding Information on all Non- Federal NPL Sites, Inspector General's Office (June 24, 2002).
    (19) See note 13.

    Oregon, Portland

    (1) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Assessment, McCormick & Baxter Creosoting Company (Portland), Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon (June 13, 1995), www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/mccormic/mbc_p2.html.
    (2) E-mail communication, Kevin Parrett, Project Manager, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (September 4, 2002).
    (3) Ibid.
    (4) Ibid.
    (5) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for Creosote (September 1997) www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts85.html.
    (6) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Assessment, McCormick & Baxter Creosoting Company (Portland), Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon (June 13, 1995), www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/mccormic/mbc_p1.html.
    (7) See note 1.
    (8) Telephone interview, Travis Williams, Executive Director, Willamette Riverkeeper, Portland, Oregon (August 19, 2002).
    (9) See note 2.
    (10) See note 1.
    (11) Ibid.
    (12) Ibid.
    (13) EPA, Region 10, Multnomah County, Portland, McCormick & Baxter Creosoting Co. (Portland Plant), Oregon, EPA ID#ORD009020603 (April, 2002), http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/nplpad.nsf/ 8f2c285be1a7a1fa882568db00688860/ b16de780a11714ad85256594006a01b0?OpenDocument.
    (14) Telephone interview, Kevin Parrett, Project Manager, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (August 7, 2002).
    (15) State of Oregon, Department of Environmental Quality, McCormick & Baxter Fact Sheet (August, 7, 2002), received via e-mail from Kevin Parrett.
    (16) See note 13.
    (17) U.S. EPA, Funding Information on all Non- Federal NPL Sites, Inspector General's Office (June 24, 2002).

    Pennsylvania, Lansdale

    (1) U.S. EPA, Record of Decision System (RODS) North Penn-Area 6, Site Information, (updated August 1, 2002), www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/rodsites/0301733.htm.
    (2) U.S. EPA, Current Site Information (NPL Pad) North Penn Area 6, EPA ID# PAD980926976, (updated June 24, 2002), http://epa.gov/reg3hwmd/super/PA/northpenn_06/pad.htm.
    (3) North Penn Chamber of Commerce, www.northpenn.org/demographics.html.
    (4) Environmental Defense Pollution Locater: North Penn Area 6, www.scorecard.org/env-releases/land/site.tcl?epa_id= PAD980926976#description.
    (5) Ibid.
    (6) Black and Veatch, Government: Environmental: Environmental Restoration: RAC III: Projects North Penn Area 6 Site, www.bv/com/bv/services/government. environmental.restoration. raciii/penn.htm.
    (7) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for Trichloroethylene, CAS#79-01-6 (September 1997) www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts19.html.
    (8) Ibid.
    (9) Ibid.
    (10) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs for Tetrachloroethylene, CAS#127-18-4 (September 1997), at www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts18.html.
    (11) Ibid.
    (12) See note 2.
    (13 )Personal communication with Deanna Moultrie, EPA Remedial Project Manager for North Penn Area 6 (August 7, 2002). (14) U.S. EPA, Funding Information on All Non- Federal NPL Sites, Inspector General's Office (June 24, 2002).
    (15 Tom Avril, "Sites' Money Tight," The Philadelphia Inquirer (July 2, 2002).

    South Dakota, Black Hills

    (1) Telephone interview, Dr. Jeff Olsen, member of the Black Hills Fly Fishers (August 15, 2002).
    (2) U.S. EPA, Region 8-Gilt Edge Mine Fact Sheet, www.epa.gov/region8/sf/giltedge/ gltfactsht.html (Updated July 8, 2002).
    (3) "EPA Hopes to Cap Acid-Producing Rock at Abandoned Mine Near Deadwood," Associated Press State and Local Wire (May 4, 2001).
    (4) See note 2.
    (5) Phillip M. Hocker, Cyanide Spring: Heaps of Gold, Pools of Poison, 6 Clementine Autumn (1989).
    (6) Ibid.
    (7) Mineral Policy Center, Cyanide Heap- Leaching Information Packet, (2002).
    (8) Ibid.
    (9) See note 5.
    (10) See note 2.
    (11) Environmental Defense, Scorecard Pollution Locator: Gilt Edge Mine, www.scorecard.org/env-releases/land/site-desc-long.tcl?epa_id=SDD987673985 (2002).
    (12) See note 2.
    (13) Ibid.
    (14) Eric Whitney, "South Dakota Tells Mine to Stay Put," High County News (February 1, 1999) www.hcn.org/servlets/hcn.Article? article_id=4750.
    (15) Telephone interview, Dick Fort, ACTion for the Environment (July 30, 2002).

    Texas, Port Arthur

    (1) Refinery Reform Campaign: Hearing on New Source Review Program of the Clean Air Act Before the Senate Committees on the Judiciary and Environment & Public Works, 107th Cong. (2002) (statement of Hilton Kelley, Activist, Port Arthur).
    (2) Michael May, "Port Arthur Blues," The Texas Observer (March 1, 2002).
    (3) See note 1.
    (4) Don Wall, Gasoline Alley, Project Texas, www.khou.com/news/projecttexas/gasolineally.html.
    (5) U.S. EPA, Toxic Releases Inventory, www.epa.gov.triexplorer.
    (6) U.S. EPA, 2000 Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Public Data Release Report. Executive Summary, www.epa.gov/tri/ tridata/tri00/press/execsummary_final.pdf.
    (7) America's Most Threatened Counties: Cancer, Chemicals, and You www.sierraclub.org/toxics/cancer. (8) See note 2.
    (9) U.S. EPA, EPA Announces Steps to Increase Energy Efficiency, Encourage Emissions Reductions (June 13, 2002), www.epa.gov/ epahome/headline_061302.htm.
    (10) Systemic State and U.S. EPA Enforcement Failures Have Resulted in Several Decades of Routine High Air Pollution Levels and Air Pollution Episodes (Excess Air Emissions), Caused by Repeated Operating Problems and Upset Incidents at Oil Refineries Reflecting a Critical Need for Increased Penalties and Aggressive Enforcement: Hearing on Criminal and Civil Enforcement of Environmental Laws: Do We have All the Tools We Need? Before the Crime & Drugs Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 107th Cong. (2002) (statement of Neil Carman, Ph.D., Former State of Texas Air Pollution Control Agency Regional Field Investigator.
    (11) Summary of Clear Skies Act of 2002, www.epa.gov/clearskies/summary.pdf.
    (12) Ibid.
    (13) Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ToxFAQs, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts3.html.
    (14) Table 40. Refiners' Operable Atmospheric Crude Oil Disti

    Up to Top


    HOME | Email Signup | About Us | Contact Us | Terms of Use | © 2008 Sierra Club